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How does an abrasive waterjet head work?

An abrasive cutting head is a vital component of waterjet cutting systems, and here’s a breakdown of its operation.

Basic Components and Operation 

High-Pressure Water Supply 

  • The cutting process starts with a high-pressure water source, usually generated by an intensifier pump.
  • This water is pressurized to extremely high levels, typically between 30,000 and 90,000 pounds per square inch (psi).

Nozzle Assembly

  • The high-pressure water is directed through a small nozzle assembly made from durable materials like sapphire or diamond.
  • It has a tiny opening, usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 millimeters, which focuses the water into a high-speed jet.

Abrasive Mixing System

  • Abrasive particles, typically garnet, are mixed with high-pressure water to enhance cutting efficiency.
  • This abrasive is introduced into the water stream before it reaches the nozzle assembly.

Mixing Chamber

  • The high-pressure water and abrasive mixture enter a mixing chamber thoroughly combined.
  • The abrasive particles are drawn into the water stream through a venturi effect, ensuring a uniform mixture.

Cutting Process

Precision Control

The cutting head is controlled by a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) system, allowing technicians to program precise cutting paths and shapes.

Material Erosion

When the high-pressure water-abrasive mixture exits the nozzle, it creates a concentrated jet that impacts the workpiece, eroding the material along the programmed path.

Advantages and Considerations

  • Versatility: it’s suitable for various materials, including metals, ceramics, glass, stone, and composites.
  • Cold Cutting: it minimizes the risk of thermal damage to the workpiece.
  • Precision and Accuracy: it allows for highly accurate cuts with tight tolerances.
  • Maintenance: regular maintenance is essential for optimal performance.

Enhancing Your Machining with Abrasive Cutting Heads

An abrasive cutting head is crucial for waterjet cutting systems, offering versatile machining capabilities with minimal heat-affected zones.


Ready to enhance your machining capabilities? Explore our range of high-quality abrasive cutting heads today!

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